demography of india

by number of native speakers

Rank	Language	2001 census[1] (total population 1,004.59 million)
		Speakers	Percentage
1	Hindi dialects[19]	422,048,642	41.03%
2	Bangla	83,369,769	8.11%
3	Telugu	74,002,856	7.37%
4	Marathi	71,936,894	6.99%
5	Tamil	60,793,814	5.91%
6	Urdu	51,536,111	5.01%
7	Gujarati	46,091,617	4.48%
8	Kannada	37,924,011	3.69%
9	Malayalam	33,066,392	3.21%
10	Oriya	33,017,446	3.21%
11	Punjabi	29,102,477	2.83%
12	Assamese	13,168,484	1.28%
13	Maithili	12,179,122	1.18%
14	Santali	6,469,600	0.63%
15	Kashmiri	5,527,698	0.54%
16	Nepali	2,871,749	0.28%
17	Sindhi	2,535,485	0.25%
18	Konkani	2,489,015	0.24%
19	Dongri	2,282,589	0.22%
20	Meitei (Manipuri)	1,466,705*	0.14%
21	Bodo	1,350,478	0.13%
22	Sanskrit	14,135	N

* Excludes figures of Paomata, Mao-Maram and Purul sub-divisions of Senapati district of Manipur for 2001.
** The percentage of speakers of each language for 2001 has been worked out on the total population of India excluding the population of Mao-Maram, Paomata and Purul subdivisions of Senapati district of Manipur due to cancellation of census results.
N – Stands for negligible.

[edit] Demographic statistics

Chart showing the Total Fertility Rate of Indian states (SRS survey 1996-98)^[20]

Total Population: 1,147.996 million (July 2008 est. CIA)^[21] 1,028.7 million (2001 Census final figures, March 1 enumeration and estimated 124,000 in areas of Manipur that could not be covered in the enumeration)

Map showing the population density of each district in India

Rural Population: 72.2%, male: 381,668,992, female: 360,948,755 (2001 Census)

Urban Population:
Age structure:
0–14 years: 30.8%, male: 188,208,196, female: 171,356,024
15–64 years: 64.3%, male: 386,432,921, female: 364,215,759
65+ years: 4.9%, male: 27,258,259, female: 30,031,289 (2007 est.) The median age of Indians is 25.1 years.

Population growth rate: 1.38% (2007 est.)

Birth rate: 22.69 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)

Death rate: 6.58 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

Map showing the literacy rate of each district in India

Literacy rate: 79.9%

Percent of the population under the poverty line: 22% (2006 est.)

Unemployment Rate: 7.8%

Net migration rate: − -0.05 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)

Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.12 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.098 male(s)/female
15–64 years: 1.061 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.908 male(s)/female
total population: 1.064 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Infant mortality rate: total: 34.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.) female: 29.23 deaths/1,000 live births male: 39.42 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 68.59 years
male: 66.28 years
female: 71.17 years (2007 est.)

Total fertility rate: 2.81 children born/woman (2007 est.) The TFR (Total number of children born per women ) according to Religion in 2001 was :

Hindus – 2.0, Muslims – 2.4, Sikhs – 1.6, Christians – 2.1, Buddhists – 2.1, Jains – 1.4 , Animists and Others – 2.99, Tribals – 3.16, Scheduled Castes – 2.89.^{[citation needed]}

Nationality:
noun: Indian(s)
adjective: Indian

Religions: Hindu 80.5%, Muslim 13.4%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.8%, Buddhists 0.8%, Jains 0.4%, others 0.7%, unspecified 0.1% (2001 Census) ^{[22][23] [24][25]}.

Scheduled Castes and Tribes: Scheduled Castes: 16.2% (2001 Census) Scheduled Tribes: 8.2% (2001 Census)

Languages: See Languages of India and List of Indian languages by total speakers. There are 216 languages with more than 10,000 native speakers in India. The largest of these is Hindi with some 337 million (the second largest being Bangla with some 207 million). 22 languages are recognized as official languages. In India, there are 1,652 languages and dialects in total.^[18][26]

[edit] 2025 Estimate

Table 2: Population Projections (in millions)

Year	Under 15	15-64	65+	Total
2000	361	604	45	1010
2005	368	673	51	1093
2010	370	747	58	1175
2015	372	819	65	1256
2020	373	882	76	1331